Guarding the Tongue: The Prohibition of Gossip in Yorùbá Spirituality and Culture

Within the vibrant moral fabric of Yorùbá spirituality and culture, the prohibition of gossip reflects a sacred commitment to social harmony, character, and spiritual discipline. Far from a mere social taboo, the misuse of speech—through slander, idle talk, or rumor—threatens the communal and spiritual balance that Yorùbá tradition holds dear. Rooted in ancestral wisdom and upheld across generations, this moral stance fosters trust, mutual respect, and inner integrity. This article explores the reasons behind the cultural and spiritual rejection of gossip in Yorùbá life and its implications for personal conduct, community well-being, and spiritual development.

Preserving Social Cohesion

In Yorùbá thought, gossip—whether known as àròyé, fi ẹ̀nu ṣe ìbì (using the mouth to cause harm), or àlùfáà (idle speech)—is viewed as a dangerous force that disrupts communal unity. Malicious talk and careless sharing of rumors can erode trust, breed resentment, and spark conflict. Yorùbá tradition emphasizes that speech has power: it can either build or destroy. A proverb reminds us, "Ẹnu là ṣe ara" — "It is the mouth that harms the body."

To protect the integrity of the collective, Yorùbá culture encourages mindful speech, restraint, and discretion. In a society where reputation, honor, and community interdependence are highly valued, gossip is not a harmless act—it is a spiritual and social offense. Yorùbá elders also warn against speaking in a manner that is tíyà tíyà—harsh, aggressive, and without emotional or spiritual restraint. This kind of speech stirs unnecessary tension and reflects imbalance. As the elders often say: “Ọ̀rọ̀ tíyà tíyà kì í gbé ìlú dá” — “Aggressive speech cannot build a community.”

Upholding Moral Integrity

At the core of the prohibition against gossip lies a reverence for character (Ìwà) and ethical living. Speaking negatively about others behind their backs is a breach of trust and an expression of poor character. It reflects a lack of self-discipline and contributes to a climate of suspicion and disrespect. As another proverb states: "Òrò kì í tán láyé" — "Words never end in the world."

Yorùbá ethics hold individuals accountable for how they use their voice. Those who engage in gossip are seen not only as morally compromised but spiritually disconnected from the principles of integrity and humility. Honor and spiritual elevation are found in truthfulness, restraint, and protecting the dignity of others.

The Power of Speech: Promoting Positivity

Yorùbá spirituality recognizes the tongue as a tool of creation. A common saying teaches: "Ahọ́n ni ń jẹ kí orí ní jẹ" — “It is the tongue that causes the head to suffer.” This reflects the belief that speech can either bless or bring misfortune, depending on how it is used. Speech, like thought, carries Àṣẹ — the divine force that brings things into being.

Therefore, one is taught to use language to uplift, encourage, and align with higher values. Rather than gossip, Yorùbá tradition encourages the sharing of praise, affirmation, blessings, and truthful discourse. Positive speech promotes unity and activates collective well-being.

Spiritual Implications: Purity and Mindfulness

From a spiritual standpoint, engaging in gossip is a distraction from the pursuit of ìwà pẹ̀lẹ́ (gentle, noble character) and àìmọ̀ (purity). It reveals a lack of self-awareness, empathy, and emotional discipline. Gossip is seen as spiritually polluting — it distances a person from their Orí (the divine self) and from the clarity needed to follow one’s true path.

In Ifá, the sacred system of divination and wisdom, certain odu warn against the spiritual consequences of misusing speech. The careless tongue can block blessings, sever ancestral alignment, and create cycles of conflict and misfortune. Thus, controlling the tongue is a spiritual act.

Conclusion

The prohibition of gossip in Yorùbá spirituality is more than a moral guideline—it is a sacred practice of self-restraint, community care, and spiritual alignment. Words matter. They shape the world around us and within us.

By avoiding gossip and embracing mindful, compassionate speech, individuals honor the divine in themselves and others. They contribute to a culture of integrity, healing, and mutual respect. In a time when careless words spread rapidly, Yorùbá wisdom reminds us: "Ẹnu ni a ti fi mọ̀ ẹni" — "It is through speech that one is known."